Solid phase
Official name
Copper(II) sulfate
Secondary names
Cupric sulphate; Bonattite (trihydrate); Boothite (heptahydrate); Chalcanthite (pentahydrate)
Type
Family
molecular solid
Class
mixed molecular solid
Comments
The hydrated copper sulfate tends to polymerise. The type and strength of the bounds are strongly related of the hydration.
Chemical composition
Formula
$CuSO_4•n(H_2O)$
Chemical formula
CuSO4•n(H2O)
Elemental formula
Cu S (O)4-13 (H)0-14
Isotope mixture type
terrestrial abundance
35.0
  Formula Name Family Number min-max Mole fraction Isotope mole fraction State Relevance
$Cu$ Copper element 1 0.05714285714285714 1.0 constituent element main
$S$ Sulfur element 1 0.05714285714285714 1.0 constituent element main
$O$ Oxygen element 4 - 13 0.4857142857142857 $\pm$ 0.2571428571428571 1.0 constituent element main
$H$ Hydrogen element 0 - 14 0.4 $\pm$ 0.4 1.0 constituent element main
Composition comments
The pentahydrate ($CuSO_4•5(H_2O)$) is the most common form. The anhydrous form is $CuSO_4$. The trihydrate is ($CuSO_4•3(H_2O)$). The heptahydrate is ($CuSO_4•7(H_2O)$)
Class
molecular solids with mixed molecules (04)
Phase type
crystalline
Crystal system
various
Crystal class
various
Crystal class symbol
various
Crystal spacegroup
various
Comments
The structure is depending of the hydration. Orthorhombic - Dipyramidal [mmm (D2h)], Space Group: Pmna for anhydrous form; Monoclinic - Domatic [m (Cs)], Space Group: Cc for trihydrate form; Triclinic - Pinacoidal [1 (C1)], Space Group: P1 for pentahydrate form; Monoclinic - Prismatic [2/m (C2h)], Space Group: P2(1)/c for heptahydrate form
Molar mass
159,609 - 305.54 $g/mol$
Density
2.1 - 3.6 $g/cm^3$
State NTP
solid
Refringence type
biaxial
Refringence sign
unknown
Diaphaneity
transparent to translucent
Luster
vitreous
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