Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered biotite (50 - 100 μm) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered antigorite (50 - 100 μm) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered anthracite (50 - 100 μm) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of the powdered coal DECS19 (50 - 100 μm) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered olivine (50 - 100 μm) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered nepheline (50-100 μm) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered saponite (50-100 μm)

Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered hydmin-rich-1 (PSD mixed with 1 vol.% of antigorite) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered hydmin-rich-3 (PSD mixed with 3 vol.% of antigorite) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered hydmin-rich-5 (PSD mixed with 5 vol.% of antigorite) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered hydmin-rich-10 (PSD mixed with 10 vol.% of antigorite) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered hydmin-rich-15 (PSD mixed with 15 vol.% of antigorite) Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered hydmin-rich-20 (PSD mixed with 20 vol.% of antigorite)

Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered Phobos simulant SIM-ATG-BIO-1 Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered Phobos simulant SIM-ATG-BIO-2 Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered Phobos simulant SIM-ATG-BIO-3 Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered Phobos simulant SIM-ATG-BIO-4 Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered Phobos simulant SIM-NEP-1 Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered Phobos simulant SIM-NEP-2 Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered Phobos simulant SIM-NEP-3 Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered Phobos simulant SIM-ATG-SAP-1 Spectrum Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (i = 0°, e = 30°) of powdered Phobos simulant SIM-ATG-SAP-2