Experiment
Vis-NIR reflectance spectra of the sublimation of Water ice particles containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture at 167 K
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 1.18h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 2.3h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 2.99h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 3.67h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 4.35h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 5.03h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 5.72h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 6.41h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 7.09h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 7.78h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 8.47h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 9.17h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 9.86h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 10.54h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 14.85h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 15.54h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 19.63h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 20.31h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 21h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 21.68h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 22.36h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 23.52h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 24.21h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 24.89h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 25.58h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 26.26h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 26.95h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 27.63h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 28.31h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 29h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 29.68h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 30.36h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 31.04h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 31.73h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 32.43h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 33.13h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 33.81h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 35.59h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 36.28h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 36.97h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 37.67h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 38.36h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 39.05h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 39.74h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 40.44h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 41.13h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 41.82h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 42.51h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 43.2h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 43.9h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 47.59h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 47.28h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 48.97h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 49.66h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 50.36h
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Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 51.03h
Spectrum
Vis-NIR reflectance spectrum of sublimating Water ice particles 67±31 μm containing 1 wt.% Smectite in intra-mixture after 51.74h
Layer
- Name
- Sublimation mantle
- Order
- 2
- Type of layer
- other
- Texture
- other
- Type of porosity
- particulate
- Porosity
- 0.9975 $\pm$ 0.0005
- Density
- 0.005 $\pm$ 0.001 $g.cm^{-3}$
- Comments
- The layer is a porous foam-like structure, made of "ribbons" of smectite (only few micrometers thick) interlaced or connected together (see Poch et al., 2016b). After sublimation of the water, the places previously occupied by the water crystals is now empty, resulting in an extremely high porosity of the smectite residue, also called sublimation mantle. The observed ribbons are probably the relics of the water crystals interfaces.
- Formation mode
- fractionated sublimation
- Rate
- 0.27 $\pm$ 0.02 $mm/h$
- Comments
- The layer was produced by sublimation of the ice in the lower layer.